Parenting Styles - Family types

Authoritarian 

• Expect children “to do because I say so”


• Children may internalize anger, may behave appropriately though fear rather than understanding and ‘have an increased likelihood of suffering anxiety and depression -related problems later in life. (Hayes)


• Restricts children


• Parents control children


• Baumrind (1978) showed in studies that children of authoritarian parents showed a little independence and were more withdrawn an unhappy.

Authoritative

• Has been labelled the democratic parent and ‘children experiencing such a practice are active, outgoing, friendly, independent, creative and disobedient. (Hayes)


• Encourages children to be independent yet still places control over their actions


• Parents are warm and nurturing towards their children


• Recognises children’s individual interests and special ways


• Children are more likely to be self-reliant and socially responsible

Permissive

• Neglectful




• Parents is very uninvolved in child’s life


• Parents is more concerned with his/her own comfort than the needs of the child


• Children may have low self -esteem and may not be very independent


• ‘a child experiencing this type of parenting may act out resentment with an increased tendency to delinquency. (Hayes)




• Indulgent




• Parent highly involved with the child but places few demands or controls on them


• Can give them lots of material goods (e.g.toys, cloths etc) but not give time and attention


• A child from this background will tend to be neat, polite, dependent and conforming.

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Family structures

• Nuclear families 

This is the family structure that is portrayed as a ‘normal’ by the media.

• Extended families

Parents children and other relatives live together or nearby.

• Reconstituted families

Reconstituted families are consists of one natural parent and one step-parent.

• Nomadic families

Families live by travelling from one place to another.

Two types of travelling families are the Gypsies and new age travellers.

• Lone-parent families

Lone parent families consist on one natural parent

• Widowed


• Separated


• Single women who have chosen motherhood


• Teenage mothers


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• Adoptive families

Families may or may not have natural children have also adoptive children

• Homosexual / lesbian families

Some children live with one natural parent and same-sex-step-parent.

• Communal families

There are few communes, where several families who are unrelated live together and act as an extended family for the children.

    

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